I don't normally play the game of an apologist, but just this once I will give a source of grounds for why I believe in the Christian Faith.I will admit that I believed in Christianity as a young child, and none of the things I'm writing now were in my contemplation at that age, as such I come to this discussion as one who believes the truth of Christianity is self-evident, it is a basic belief for me that I do not think needs any proving, but for your sake I will post this, in the hope that you will be strengthened in your faith, or come to the saving knowledge of the Lord Jesus Christ.
My "Proof" begins with a video by Alvin Plantinga, perhaps the most important and influential Religious philosopher of the 20th century. He is a Christian, but his work has had drastic affects on modern philosophy and moved the field of study which was primarily atheistic towards a more theistic understanding in academia.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yNg4MJgTFw, This link shows Plantinga's Evolutionary argument against Naturalism. Naturalism is the belief that all things are material and that everything has came about by natural processes. This is the philosophical foundation for naturalistic evolution. His point is that if Naturalism and Evolution is true then we have no grounds to believe we can know truth. So this is not an argument for or against evolution, but that for us to know any truth some non-naturalistic force must be involved in the process which would make naturalism false.
Starting with this idea I move onto my argument for Christianity, because Plantinga's argument alone does not lead to Christianity, it does not even lead to the existence of a God, so I start where he has left off. (I will be using some philosophical terms, if you are confused as to their meaning you can message me to clarify or use a dictionary.)
1. There is Objective truth
2. I can know Objective truth (if 1. and 2. are true then the idea we cannot know truth is false.)
3. I can know I can know objective truth.
4. If 3. is true then Naturalistic Evolution is false.
(this is another short summary of the implication of Plantinga's argument
5. if 4. then immaterial things & forces exist (those things that are not material, or not natural.)
6. the Universe includes all physical things & forces
7. the Universe had a beginning (The Big bang theory, which still has not been dis-proven)
8. if 6&7 then all physical things and forces have a beginning
9. if 7. then all physical things and forces were caused.
10. if 9. then 6. was caused by immaterial things and/or forces
11. at least some immaterial things & forces exist by the necessity of their nature. (the principle of sufficient reason, a.k.a. the principle of causality: Basically something either exists because it was caused, or because it must exist- numbers are an example of this: they are uncaused but they do exist).
12. at least some immaterial things & forces caused the universe.
13. if 12.then the immaterial things or forces(ITF's) that caused the universe must be powerful enough to do so.
14. if 13 then ITF's must be personal (as in not just a force but able to make choices) to explain the when of the universes beginning, other wise why was the universe created 15.6 bil. years ago or whenever rather than at a different time?
15. if 12. and 14. then the ITF's mustbe intelligent enough to do 12.
16. 10-15 can be explained by one immaterial, personal, powerful and intelligent thing. (this removes the need for a polytheistic understanding of reality. So good bye to Mormonism, Hinduism, Shintoism, etc.
17. if 14 & 16 are true this things is a person or being; a conscious entity.
18. This person created the universe as it is, and is powerful enough to, and does sustain the universe.
19. if2,3,12, 18 are true then this being or god created me in such a way that 2,3 are true.
20. if 10 then god cares about me knowing truth (other wise why would he make me able to?)
21. if 20 then this god cares about me knowing about it.
22. if 18. then this god created a world where i could live and thrive.
23. the only religions that account for this are monotheistic, and are specifically met by Judaism, Islam, and Christianity.
24. if Judaism follows its scriptures rather than its traditions then Judaism leads to Christianity.
25. Islam is internally inconsistent
26. only Christianity accounts for all the parts of our reality that have been earlier states
27. thus I am convinced of Christianity over any other world view.
The explanation and the process can probably be greatly extended, and debated, but I wanted to show the most basic way I knew to lead to the conclusion of the truth of Christianity. There are many questions that I know aren't answered in this argument about Christianity, but I believe that within these grounds many of the answer's can be derived, such as if 19-21 are true then the authenticity of the bible need not be questions for me, because God does care enough to preserve his word and grant it to his people so they can know him, and the fact the bible is the only book that accounts for everything above stated it gives self evident grounds to be the word of God. I know that many will not be convinced by this, but I hope and pray nonetheless that you come to saving faith in my Lord Jesus Christ, and I hope this has been an aid in bringing about that end. Thank you for your time.
The Grace of God/ The Bondage of Will
The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make ready the way of the Lord, make His paths straight! (Matt 3:3)
Monday, August 6, 2012
Wednesday, May 16, 2012
Heretics?
So today, I'm going to ask some question's I've been struggling with in regards to Heretics- yes I realize that is a cruel word, and I don't have the place to decide who is a heretic and all the other jazz that might be thrown at me for using such a strong word. If I am immoral or in sin for using such strong language than so be it, for my conciseness is unconstrained by scripture or reason in regards to the reality that some are Heretics.
A heretic most simply is one who causes a divide in the church, but that in itself is not a concise enough definition or else all Christians everywhere would be considered heretics. I do believe that the cause of a divide is a necessary condition for being a heretic, but more specifically a heretic is one who's beliefs, actions, or words undermine the core of Christianity. So I would not call someone a heretic simply because they are outside of my particular denomination. This might be to nice of a definition for some of you, and it it is not a true one that correct me friends.
finally to the point.
Where do you stand on worshiping with Heretics? Should they be allowed to sing with us, to take part in our bible studies, and church services? Should we allow them to pray with us? To what degree do we fellowship with them? Do we argue with them or cut ties all together? Is it better to try to persuade them or abandon them? I really don't have a good answer for this, and I'm hoping that you all do.
A heretic most simply is one who causes a divide in the church, but that in itself is not a concise enough definition or else all Christians everywhere would be considered heretics. I do believe that the cause of a divide is a necessary condition for being a heretic, but more specifically a heretic is one who's beliefs, actions, or words undermine the core of Christianity. So I would not call someone a heretic simply because they are outside of my particular denomination. This might be to nice of a definition for some of you, and it it is not a true one that correct me friends.
finally to the point.
Where do you stand on worshiping with Heretics? Should they be allowed to sing with us, to take part in our bible studies, and church services? Should we allow them to pray with us? To what degree do we fellowship with them? Do we argue with them or cut ties all together? Is it better to try to persuade them or abandon them? I really don't have a good answer for this, and I'm hoping that you all do.
Wednesday, May 9, 2012
Culture of Death
So lately our goverment has tried to push the Catholic church to take part in Abortion, and our president has openly admitted that Homosexual marriage should be legal. Our medical systems continual to consider euthanasia, and our sciences use the embryonic stem cells to study the affects of new taste buds.(if you doubt any of this a quick search on Google with confirm it).
I call attention to these things because they all revolve around one thing: death. Abortion prevents life from even starting, Homosexual marriage does not add to the population, but is a stagnant use of the reproductive organs. Euthanasia seeks to put to end the lives of individuals rather than leaving them in the hand of God, and then our sciences capitalize on the aforementioned death of infants for commercial gain. Sadly, it appears our culture is becoming one that enslaves itself to its desires at the expense of others, on the grounds of the individual. It's depressing. Please pray that God returns a love for life to the American People.
I call attention to these things because they all revolve around one thing: death. Abortion prevents life from even starting, Homosexual marriage does not add to the population, but is a stagnant use of the reproductive organs. Euthanasia seeks to put to end the lives of individuals rather than leaving them in the hand of God, and then our sciences capitalize on the aforementioned death of infants for commercial gain. Sadly, it appears our culture is becoming one that enslaves itself to its desires at the expense of others, on the grounds of the individual. It's depressing. Please pray that God returns a love for life to the American People.
Tuesday, January 17, 2012
The Common Nature of Sin
This is an excerpt from a much larger project that I am working on. I hope you all enjoy it.
My
whole life, I was brought up believing that pride was the first of all sins.
Pride was thought to be the source of all other sins, but upon further
reflection I really can’t hold to this position. Pride is related to most sins,
but pride is not the mycelium
of the fungus bodies popping out of the ground. Rather, pride is a mushroom all
to itself. It appears more often than its siblings of decomposition, and it shares
several characteristics with other sins, but it is not their mother. Pride may
very well have been the first manifestation of sin, but the fruit of an
organism is not the same thing as the organism. More accurately, the common
nature of sin is unbelief.
For
the sake of explanation, think of the common tradition of the fall of Satan. It
is thought that the old serpent became prideful: desiring to remove God from
His throne. Then God cast Satan and a third of the angels out of heaven. This
is why many come to the conclusion that pride is the beginning of sin, but that
cannot be correct. The very nature of Pride- viewing ones self as more than one
ought to- requires that unbelief come before it, for if Satan had believed God
pride could not have existed. The very nature of God proclaims that only he is
worth of praise (Rev 4:11), but Satan, in his unbelief, revolts against God.
Therefore, only in connection to the mycelium of unbelief can pride exist.
Wednesday, December 28, 2011
Romans 8:28
“And we know that God causes all things to work together for
good to those who Love God, to those who are called according to His purpose”
(Rom 8:28, NASB).
What a beautiful passage of
scripture, capable of filling our hearts with the greatest of joys, and grant
us the hope we need to make it through the day. This fact of scripture is
anchored to the very character of God. It shows His sovereignty, Wisdom, and
the compassion He has for His elect. It proves that our world is not a giant
mess of disconnected coincidence, but everything, literally everything, is
directed by the hand of God for the good of his children.
There is no force outside of God
that is directing all things, for the verse says, “God causes all things to
work”. There is no devil in hell strong enough to direct the forces of the
world to an opposite end, or a devil wise enough to trick God into making some
sort of mistake. God, who’s work is perfect (Deut. 32:4), is the one directing
the events of the universe. It is not fate, it is not luck, it is not some
unknown force of unlimited power and without consciousness that directs the
path of humanity. Kings, princess, and
demons move things where they wish, but they are pawns in the hand of God who
will direct even their schemes to His desired end.
The verse continues adding,
“together for good”. God is causing all things to work towards good. This is a
big difference between this and the idea that all things are good because God
is using them. That is an interpretation of the text must be avoided. God never
calls sin good. God always condemns the wicked for their wickedness, and
promises to exact justice on all evildoers. God does not leave us room to say
the evil and vile acts of this world are something good rather the verse
specifies that all things will work together for a certain end, that end being
good. It does not make the mistake of the communists and say that the end
justifies the means. No, our God is much too pure for something such as that.
It was sin that placed our Savior unjustly upon the cross as men murdered Him,
but it was God who directs even such an event as that to a desired end. It is
not good that Nazi Germany killed six million Jews. It is not good that governments torture His
church. It is not good that Satan steals, kills, and destroys. It is not good
that child molesters molest, and it is not good that rapists rape. God is not
declared as justifying these activities, it is not said that these things are
good because God is going to bring them to a good end, but only that they will
work together for good.
Indeed, God will bring all things
together for good. He will somehow cause all the evil and all the good things
together for His desired end. I am not sure of how such a deed will be done or
how a task can be accomplished, but I know that my God can. Many things are
absolutely horrible and on their own of no value, and many things that are good
have no power to overcome the atrocities of sin. Perhaps if everything was
separate strands, disconnected from everything else, maybe they could not be
used for any good, but God in his wisdom will tie all these separate strands
together to produce good.
The text says that this good is for
the benefit of the Christian. There is no other being in creation that can love
God, and be called according to his purposes. Because this good is directed
from God towards his bride, it ought to bring us great joy. We learn from it
that our current troubles, as troubling as they maybe, have a place in the plan
of God for our lives. He will take all of our suffering and all of our
accomplishments and use them for our good in the end. He will grab hold of the
wars of the past and the future, of the storms twelve hundred miles away and
direct them for our benefit.
The promise of this verse has not
reached is fulfillment. Indeed, God takes hold of everything in our lives and
we see him work a great deal of things out for our benefit at a later date, but
nonetheless this work of God is not yet finished. Its object is not only the
saints that are present, but those that are past and future. The verse applies
to all those who love him and are called according to his purpose. It applies
to Abraham, You, and our dear elected brothers who we are still waiting to see
become a member of the visible church. As all Christians should know our God is
the God of the living, and our brothers who have passed from this world to the
next still love our God day and night. All the events that have succeeded them
are still being brought into the hand of God and worked into the mosaic of
God’s desired end that is for our good.
However, that end has not yet come.
There is still all of future history which God will also bring together with
everything that has preceded it, even the thousands of pieces of gum that are
stuck underneath tables ever year (yes this seems ridiculous, but the text says
all, and none of the surrounding text specifies that “all” to a smaller group
that that which encompasses everything, so even this is included). But the time
will come when all things are completed, the iniquity of the world is complete,
all the elect have been called to salvation and the reprobate are shown by the
hardness of their heart, then everything will be brought together “for good for
those who love God and are called according to His purpose.”
So rejoice dear brothers and sisters in Christ! All of our hardship and suffering is not some out of control force working against the church of God that may possibly win out and destroy us! No every enemy of ours, including our own flesh is bound by the will of God to eventually be used for our good. Yes it sucks now, but continue on in the hope of that promise. Our God is not slow to fulfill his promise as some count slowness, and so he will come quickly. He will not wait a moment longer, nor move a moment sooner than when everything is fulfilled. And when he does, we shall rejoice in heaven in merriment and love before the throne of the highest King!
Monday, July 4, 2011
Email from a friend
I received an email from a friend of mine, who is a missionary in Africa, today. He shared with me and many others a great need in Urganda. As such I'm posting the E-mail here. if anyone of you can help please do. Take away the money you were going to spend on soda or a candy bar, maybe even that meal at a restaurant and please send it to help someone who needed it more than you.
I wanted to send an update to each of you to let you know how my trip
has been going. You will find specific prayer requests listed
throughout the email.
Thank you for your much needed prayers.
Before I describe one of the saddest experiences I have ever
had… I want to let you know that the work I have been doing with
African Children’s Mission (ACM) has been going very well. Each week I
spend three days in remote villages teaching theology classes to 49
pastors and church leaders who have never had any training in Biblical
studies. Not only have they not received training in Biblical studies,
but like most Ugandans, many of them never completed high school.
Despite their lower level of education, some of these students have
served in church leadership positions for longer than I have been
alive. I find it remarkable that the students faithfully attend Bible
classes, in spite of the fact that many of them have not been in a
formal classroom setting in years. Their love for God's Word and His
glory supersedes their tribal differences and learning difficulties.
God has been clearly faithful to the work He started last
summer with the Bible training programs. Though it is hard at times,
there is nothing I would rather be doing than returning to the Bible
training schools to help equip my brothers and sisters with the tools
necessary to exegete Scripture and better serve their church
congregations.
*Please pray:
- That God will allow the students to truly grasp the information being taught.
- That the Holy Spirit would give the students understanding of the
information, and help them to properly apply it to their particular
contexts.
- Praise God that a shipment of reading glasses came in and now all of
the Bible students can read their Bibles!
The saddest letter I have ever written:
If you do not know, one of African Children’s Mission’s (ACM’s)
main ministries is a feeding program which operates in the poorest of
schools in one of the poorest districts in Uganda, East Africa. Last
week, I helped compose and deliver a letter from African Children's
Mission to seven schools. Though the letter was addressed to seven
schools, ultimately it affects more than 3,300 students who attend the
schools and their families.
The purpose of the letter was to notify the schools that because
of the nation’s extreme inflation on food products, ACM would have to
change the feeding program. The product that has affected the most
people in the country is “posho.” Posho is eaten by most Ugandans
everyday; it is the main food that keeps these people alive. In the
last year, the wholesale price of posho has risen by 66%. By God’s
grace, African Children’s Mission has been able to continue feeding
all 3,300 children in spite of the rising economic problem. In order
to sustain the feeding program indefinitely, ACM has had to reduce the
amount of food being served by 50%. Those affected by the change seem
to understand its importance and have said, “A little is better than
nothing. Thank you for what you can give.”
It is hard to fully describe the positive impact the feeding
program has on the children and their families, but I will try. Many
children attend school simply so they can eat a free meal at lunch.
Studies show that education is a key factor for one to successfully
escape a life of poverty; if a 12 cent meal is an incentive to get one
to attend school, it is a small price to pay. The one meal per day,
provided by ACM, is often the only meal these children have. ACM
teaches a weekly character development class at all seven of the
schools. If the attendance drops, then that means that there are more
kids who will miss the Bible-based character development classes; this
may have the largest impact of all. Even if you have not spent time in
a “fourth world” country, it is not hard to imagine the gravitational
effects associated with cutting one’s daily meal in half.
*Please pray:
- That God will provide for the children through other means until
ACM’s feeding program is running at its normal capacity again.
- That the students will continue to attend school, even though the
food incentive has been reduced.
- That people in Uganda would not think that the God of Christians is
weak because a Christian organization has had to make cutbacks. My
prayer is that during this hardship, the faith of the children and
their parents will be strengthened and that God will be seen as the
God who he truly is: Jehovah Jirah--the God who provides.
- Please pray that the people will find their delight and satisfaction
in the true Bread (John 6:35), more than in the bread that spoils
(John 6:27).
Please be praying for the listed items above. Please also be praising
and thanking God for his goodness, faithfulness, and steadfast love He
continues to show His people.
Please know that the purpose of this email is primarily to update you
on what I am doing and to ask you for your continued prayer support.
However, if you would like to make a tax deductable contribution to
ACM to help with the feeding program, please see the address listed
below. You may also donate online at africanchildrensmission.org
Note: At the current cost of food, $30 will pay for 250 meals & $120
will pay for 1,000 meals.
In Christ,
David Semeyn
African Children’s Mission
P.O. Box 26470
Birmingham, AL 35260
africanchildrensmission.org
I wanted to send an update to each of you to let you know how my trip
has been going. You will find specific prayer requests listed
throughout the email.
Thank you for your much needed prayers.
Before I describe one of the saddest experiences I have ever
had… I want to let you know that the work I have been doing with
African Children’s Mission (ACM) has been going very well. Each week I
spend three days in remote villages teaching theology classes to 49
pastors and church leaders who have never had any training in Biblical
studies. Not only have they not received training in Biblical studies,
but like most Ugandans, many of them never completed high school.
Despite their lower level of education, some of these students have
served in church leadership positions for longer than I have been
alive. I find it remarkable that the students faithfully attend Bible
classes, in spite of the fact that many of them have not been in a
formal classroom setting in years. Their love for God's Word and His
glory supersedes their tribal differences and learning difficulties.
God has been clearly faithful to the work He started last
summer with the Bible training programs. Though it is hard at times,
there is nothing I would rather be doing than returning to the Bible
training schools to help equip my brothers and sisters with the tools
necessary to exegete Scripture and better serve their church
congregations.
*Please pray:
- That God will allow the students to truly grasp the information being taught.
- That the Holy Spirit would give the students understanding of the
information, and help them to properly apply it to their particular
contexts.
- Praise God that a shipment of reading glasses came in and now all of
the Bible students can read their Bibles!
The saddest letter I have ever written:
If you do not know, one of African Children’s Mission’s (ACM’s)
main ministries is a feeding program which operates in the poorest of
schools in one of the poorest districts in Uganda, East Africa. Last
week, I helped compose and deliver a letter from African Children's
Mission to seven schools. Though the letter was addressed to seven
schools, ultimately it affects more than 3,300 students who attend the
schools and their families.
The purpose of the letter was to notify the schools that because
of the nation’s extreme inflation on food products, ACM would have to
change the feeding program. The product that has affected the most
people in the country is “posho.” Posho is eaten by most Ugandans
everyday; it is the main food that keeps these people alive. In the
last year, the wholesale price of posho has risen by 66%. By God’s
grace, African Children’s Mission has been able to continue feeding
all 3,300 children in spite of the rising economic problem. In order
to sustain the feeding program indefinitely, ACM has had to reduce the
amount of food being served by 50%. Those affected by the change seem
to understand its importance and have said, “A little is better than
nothing. Thank you for what you can give.”
It is hard to fully describe the positive impact the feeding
program has on the children and their families, but I will try. Many
children attend school simply so they can eat a free meal at lunch.
Studies show that education is a key factor for one to successfully
escape a life of poverty; if a 12 cent meal is an incentive to get one
to attend school, it is a small price to pay. The one meal per day,
provided by ACM, is often the only meal these children have. ACM
teaches a weekly character development class at all seven of the
schools. If the attendance drops, then that means that there are more
kids who will miss the Bible-based character development classes; this
may have the largest impact of all. Even if you have not spent time in
a “fourth world” country, it is not hard to imagine the gravitational
effects associated with cutting one’s daily meal in half.
*Please pray:
- That God will provide for the children through other means until
ACM’s feeding program is running at its normal capacity again.
- That the students will continue to attend school, even though the
food incentive has been reduced.
- That people in Uganda would not think that the God of Christians is
weak because a Christian organization has had to make cutbacks. My
prayer is that during this hardship, the faith of the children and
their parents will be strengthened and that God will be seen as the
God who he truly is: Jehovah Jirah--the God who provides.
- Please pray that the people will find their delight and satisfaction
in the true Bread (John 6:35), more than in the bread that spoils
(John 6:27).
Please be praying for the listed items above. Please also be praising
and thanking God for his goodness, faithfulness, and steadfast love He
continues to show His people.
Please know that the purpose of this email is primarily to update you
on what I am doing and to ask you for your continued prayer support.
However, if you would like to make a tax deductable contribution to
ACM to help with the feeding program, please see the address listed
below. You may also donate online at africanchildrensmission.org
Note: At the current cost of food, $30 will pay for 250 meals & $120
will pay for 1,000 meals.
In Christ,
David Semeyn
African Children’s Mission
P.O. Box 26470
Birmingham, AL 35260
africanchildrensmission.org
Tuesday, June 7, 2011
An Argument for Paedobaptism
There are two major views of Baptism held within Christianity. The first view is the Baptistic view or believer’s baptism, which is very common among Protestants, most notably Baptist denominations. The other is Paedobaptism, also known as infant baptism. There are two interpretations of Paedobaptism. According to Wayne Grudem, these two interpretations are the Roman Catholic view, which holds “that Baptism is necessary for salvation, and that the act of baptism itself causes regeneration,” (971) and the Protestant Paedobaptist view, which argues baptism is the New Testament sign of the Covenant (975). This paper will argue that the Protestant Paedobaptist view of baptism is at the very least a defensible position in the light of scripture.
Further Defining of Views
From this point on the Protestant belief of Paedobaptism will be referred to as Paedobaptist or Paedobaptism. For the sake of clarity, the Paedobaptist view will be further defined. Paedobaptists agree with the view that adult converts ought to be baptized. It is presupposed before an adult is baptized that they are regenerated by the workings of the Holy Spirit (Berkhof, 632). Paedobaptists also believe that baptism represents repentance and points to Christ, that it further points towards the remission of sins, but does not produce it; and points towards the transformation of life (Lipsy).
These are beliefs that those holding the Baptistic view would generally hold as true. However, the difference between Paedobaptists and Baptists arises is in reference to infant baptism. The Baptists argue that infants should not be baptized because they lack the cognitive faculties to believe on Jesus Christ for salvation, and that only those who have believed in Jesus Christ ought to be baptized. They also believe that baptism is, among other things, a sign of membership to the church.
The Paedobaptists disagree, on account of the covenant relationship between God and his people. They will then claim there is only one covenant by which God relates with his people, and for that reason it would seem to justify that the children of believers would be included in the covenant in the New Testament, just as the children of the Jews were included in the Old Testament covenant, whose sign was circumcision. However, with circumcision abolished, baptism has become the sign of the New Testament. Therefore, the children of believers are to be baptized as belonging to the covenant.
However, the common trend of dispensationalism within the Baptistic view would counter at this point that there is more than one covenant between God and his people (Berkhof, 632). As such the parallel between circumcision and baptism is null and void. They argue that the circumcision was based on the law, and baptism is based on saving faith (Grudem, 977-78). Therefore, infants and unbelieving children should not be baptized.
Defense of a Single Covenant
In order to counter this objection, and explain the biblical grounds of Paedobaptism, the topic shifts to the defense of a single covenant between God and his people. To begin, one must look to the original establishment of the covenant; covenant meaning a promise (Lipsy), in Genesis 12-18 where one sees God unfolding his covenant with Abraham. In Gen 12:3 God says, “And I will bless those who bless you, and the one who curses you I will curse. And in you all the families of the earth will be blessed” (NASB). God also promises Abraham, land and descendants that outnumber the stars (Gen 15:18, Gen 15: 4-6). This much is in reference to the national identity of Israel, but it goes beyond that.
The covenant, though physical, transcends nationality because it is applied to all who would enter the covenant (Gen 34:22). When a foreigner would wish to become Jewish he would take the sign of the covenant upon his body. Through taking on the sign of the covenant, a foreigner and his family would then be considered physically Jewish (Witsus, 423).
The Covenant between Abraham and God was not only a physical one, but also a spiritual one, and according to Berkhof, “…and of this spiritual covenant circumcision was a sign and seal” (632). This is proven by the way the New Testament interprets the covenant. In Romans 4 Paul treats the covenant as one pertaining to the spiritual, by saying the covenant is by faith. In Galatians 3, Paul treats the covenant of Abraham the same way. It applies to the gentile believers in addition to Jewish believers, and is once again treated as spiritual; this is the trend of the New Testament in reference to the Covenant.
Beyond this, the New Testament always treats the New Covenant as applied to those who are the people of God (Berkhof, 633). In Galatians 3:7 Paul says, “Therefore, be sure that it is those who are of faith who are sons of Abraham.” In verse fourteen, the blessings of Abraham are applied to the Gentiles through the work of Jesus Christ. As shown earlier, the blessings of Abraham applied to his children, and one of the main blessings to Abraham was that he would have many descendants. Through the means of a spiritual action of God believers who are treated as the descendants of Abraham become so both physically and spiritually. Therefore, the New Testament believers, the children of promise, the elect of God are the descendants of Abraham, and are under the Abrahamic covenant (Gal 3:29).
The Sign(s) of the Covenant
In the Old Testament, the covenant between God and Abraham had a sign. The sign of the covenant, according to Gen 17:11, was circumcision. This was a sign that was to be in the flesh of every male in the household of Abraham. It did not matter if the person believed, or had the ability to believe in God (Gen 17:12), for circumcision, being physical, was a reminder or a sign of the spiritual work of God. What was important was not the condition of the person who received the sign, but that Abraham obeyed God.
However, with the change from the Old Testament to the new, circumcision is no longer the sign of the covenant (Berkhof, 634). Paul’s teaching is consistent with this idea, because in Acts 15:1-2, and in the book of Galatians (Gal 2:3-5, Gal 5:2-6, Gal 6:12-13, 15), Paul stands against circumcision as a means of salvation before the Jews and the Gentiles. This leaves two possible options regarding the sign of the covenant, either there is no sign of the covenant in the New Testament, or a new sign was implemented (Berkhof, 634).
However, Christ implemented baptism as the sign of the covenant before his accession in Matt 28:19 (Berkhof, 634), and baptism very closely resembles the spiritual meaning behind circumcision. Circumcision refers to the cutting away of sin and to a change of heart (Deut. 10:16, 30:6, Jer. 4:4, 9:25-26 Ezek. 44:7, 9) (Berkhof, 634), and Berkhof says “…baptism refers to the washing away of sin, Acts 2:38; 1 Pet. 3:21; Tit. 3:5, and to spiritual renewal, Rom. 6:4; Col. 2:11,12. The last passage clearly links circumcision with baptism, and teaches that the Christ-circumcision, that is, circumcision of the heart, signified by circumcision in the flesh, was accomplished by baptism, that is, by that which baptism signifies”(Berkhof, 634). This is to say that baptism is a physical sign pointing towards the spiritual work of Christ. Baptism is not dependent on the merit or the ability of the one receiving the sign, but on the work that Christ brings about, which parallels the way circumcision is treated in the Old Testament (Deut. 30:6).
Circumcision and baptism are similar in that they both point to the saving work of Jesus Christ. Circumcision pointed forward to the work that Christ would accomplish, while baptism points back to the work that Christ has accomplished. The subject of both rites are not the one receiving the sign or their spiritual condition, instead, they bear witness to Christ (Wilson, 49). Therefore, because baptism is so closely linked with circumcision it is justifiable to believe that baptism is the sign of the New Covenant.
Children in the Covenant
Simply showing that baptism is the sign of the covenant in the New Testament does not alone prove infant baptism. It still requires the Paedobaptist to show that the covenant applies to the children of believers. This is one of the main contentions between Paedobaptists and Baptists. For the Baptist believes that only those who display genuine saving faith are to be baptized and recognized as members of the church (Grudem, 978). In order to counter this, it will be shown that children are included in the covenant.
During the establishment of the covenant, God makes it clear that the covenant is not only onto Abraham but also onto his children. It is applied to Abraham and his descendants based upon the work of God, and in obedience Abraham placed the sign of the covenant upon his children, and all those in his household. This theme of God placing the covenant upon those able to follow him and everyone else in the household continues throughout the Old Testament. In Deut. 29:10-13 when God renews His covenant with Israel, the covenant is placed upon everyone present (Berkhof, 633). The children and the foreigners are all covered by the covenant whether they believe in God or not. In Joshua 8:35, the passage once again makes a reference to everyone in the nation of Israel being present for the reading of the covenant. The fact that such emphasis is placed on children in these locations shows the significance of children in the Old Testament under the covenant.
Not only are the children present for the reading and renewing of the covenant, but they are included in the promises of the covenant. The prophet Jeremiah says “But this is the covenant which I will make with the house of Israel after those days,” declares the Lord, “I will put My law within them and on their heart I will write it: and I will be their God, and they shall be My people (emphasis added, Jer 31:33 NASB).” God refers specifically to a people, and when compared with how God refers to a people in Deut. 29:10-13 it follows that when God says a people he is referencing their children as well, not just those who believe in him. The same prophet also says in chapter 33:38-41 that God will work within His people and says this is for their and their children’s own good to show that they are included in His covenant. This means that children were included in the covenant in the Old Testament.
During the transition from the Old Testament to the New Testament the same promises of the covenant upon the believer and their children are carried over from the Old Testament. In Acts 2:39 Peter says “For the promise is for you and your children and for all who are far off, as many as the Lord our God will call to Himself.” Peter was referring first to the Jews, and then to their children, and finally to the Gentiles (Calvin, Commentary on Acts Volume 1). The promises of God were upon all these people. The promise refers back to the covenant God made with Abraham (Rom. 4:16), and because it refers back to that covenant, and it is placed both upon the Jew and their children, and then upon the Gentile there is reason to believe that the covenant also falls upon the children of the Gentiles, for their believing parents have physically and spiritually become the descendents of Abraham.
More direct than the last reference is Paul’s discussion of marriage in 1 Corinthians 7:14, where he says that the children of a believer, even if he or she is married to an unbeliever are sanctified. This does not mean that the children are saved because of the belief of their parent, but that the children are considered holy before God (Sartelle, 18). The children are brought under the promises and the protection of God, by the faith of their parent(s), just like the children of Abraham were brought into the covenant by Abraham’s faith. Therefore, it appears that the children of believers would be included in the covenant in the New Testament.
It should be noted that even if a child is included in the covenant, this is not a guarantee that the child will be saved from the wrath to come, for it says in Romans 9:6-7 “But it is not at though the word of God has failed. For they are not all Israel who are descended from Israel; nor are they all children because they are Abraham’s descendants, but: “THROUGH ISAAC YOUR DESCENDANTS WILL BE NAMED.” This means that an individual can be a partaker of the covenant physically, but in the end not be one spiritually.
Conclusion
It has already been shown that the New and Old Testament followers of God are under the same Abrahamic Covenant, and that each of these Testaments has its own sign from God. In the case of the Old the sign is circumcision, which has been abolished, and in the case of the New the sign is baptism. It has also been shown that the promises of the covenant applied to believer’s children in both the Old and New Testaments. If all of this is true then it follows that the children of believers ought to receive the sign or seal of the covenant based upon the faith the parents have through the work of God, thus the Paedobaptist view is at least a defensible position from scripture.
Berkhof, Louis. "Christian Baptism." Systematic Theology. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1996. 632-35. Print.
"Commentary on Acts - Volume 1 | Christian Classics Ethereal Library." Welcome to the Christian Classics Ethereal Library! | Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Web. 06 Apr. 2011. <http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/calcom36.ix.vii.html>.
Grudem, Wayne A. "Chapter 49 Baptism." Systematic Theology: an Introduction to Biblical Doctrine. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2000. 975-81. Print.
Lipsy, David. "The Sacrament of Baptism." Sunday Evening Service. Grace Reformed Christian Church, Harrison, Arkansas. Feb. 2011. Speech. This was actually a sermon, and I'm not sure how to site it properly. I also lack the actual title and date.
Nasb Thinline Bible: New American Standard Bible. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2002. Print.
Sartelle, John P. Infant Baptism: What Christian Parents Should Know. Phillipsburg, NJ: Presbyterian and Reformed Pub., 1985. Print.
Wilson, Douglas. "Chapters' 1,4,5,6." To a Thousand Generations: Infant Baptism : Covenant Mercy for the People of God. Moscow, Id.: Canon, 1996. Print.
Witsius, Herman, and J. I. Packer. "Of Baptism." The Economy of the Covenants between God and Man: Comprehending a Complete Body of Divinity. Escondido, CA: Den Dulk Christian Foundation, 1990. 423. Print.
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